Physics and Engineering

 

Current Issue

  • FROM SINGLE PARTICLES TO MANY-BODY SYSTEMS:THE PRACTICE OF EXACT DIAGONALIZATION IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS TEACHING

    WU Hanqing;YAO Daoxin;School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University;

    Exact diagonalization serves as the most intuitive numerical approach for solving quantum problems and is widely applied in both few-body and many-body systems, making it a core component of computational physics curricula. Guided by a scaffolded teaching philosophy that progresses from fundamental to advanced concepts, this paper systematically outlines the instruction of exact diagonalization in undergraduate computational physics courses—beginning with single-particle systems and gradually advancing to quantum many-body systems. Through a series of carefully designed pedagogical examples, students not only master key procedural steps such as basis selection, symmetry utilization, matrix construction, and diagonalization, but also develop a deeper comprehension of the method's strengths and limitations. This instructional framework effectively bridges the formalism of quantum mechanics with cutting-edge many-body numerical techniques, laying a solid groundwork for students' future exploration of advanced many-body computational methods such as the density matrix renormalization group and tensor networks.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1458K]

  • THEORY OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF GENERAL LASER BEAM PARAMETERS

    CHEN Peifeng;QIAN Zhuanglin;LYU Xuan;School of Optics and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

    The transformation of a Gaussian beam by a thin lens is an important component of the laser principles course, as it enhances students' understanding of laser optical system design. However, because the course usually omits the general propagation of arbitrary laser beams through linear optical systems, students often raise questions when they try to extend their knowledge. This paper derives, under the second-order moment definition, the waist diameter, waist position, and far-field divergence angle of a general laser beam after passing through a linear optical system represented by a ray-transfer matrix. In addition, we retrace the beam-parameter transformation with the q-parameter method, demonstrating the consistency of the two approaches and thereby reinforcing students' understanding of laser-beam behavior. The general beam-parameter transformation theory can be expected to find direct application in the design of multi-lens beam-transformation systems.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1327K]

  • RESEARCH CASE ON THE DESIGN OF POLARIZED LIGHT RENDERER AND TEACHING PRACTICE OF PHYSICAL OPTICS

    ZHANG Shangjian;FU Ergu;ZHENG Haowen;WU Yinfeng;XU Ying;ZHU Junfeng;ZHANG Yali;GU Chen;School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China;Department of Physics,Tsinghua University;

    The course of physical optics is committed to promoting a learning-centered teaching model through the transformation of teaching subjects. This paper designs and implements a basic linear polarization optical scene renderer based on path tracing and ray tracing algorithms, which carries out high-precision simulation of the propagation and interaction of polarized light in the scene and generates dynamic visual effects of the polarized light field. The study verifies the simulation accuracy of the renderer for the Fresnel reflection of polarized light at different angles of incidence by means of “virtual-real combination” of experiments and rendering, effectively improving students' understanding and application ability of polarization optics theory. This research provides new tools with quantitative verification functions and visual support for the teaching experiments of Physical Optics and Optical Principles courses, which is helpful to promote the digital transformation of optical teaching.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1489K]

  • A STUDY OF TEACHING PRACTICE IN ELASTICITY MECHANICS BASED ON BEAM BENDING PROBLEMS

    YUE Ying;ZHAO Xia;ZHAO Wei;WEI Xiantao;WANG Zhongping;ZHANG Zengming;National Physical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center,University of Science and Technology of China;

    Elasticity is an important interface between physics and engineering, encompassing a wealth of mathematical tools and physical concepts, which is of great significance for students to solidify their theoretical foundation and enhance their practical abilities. This paper focuses on the bending problem of beams and elaborates on the construction of Timoshenko beam theory from the perspective of the basic equations of elasticity. The deflection equation is solved by combining the Green's function method and the Laplace transform. A cantilever beam teaching model constructed with dry spaghetti and a 3D-printed support is used. By calculating the deflection curve and simulating the strain field, and comparing the results with experimental measurements, the effectiveness of the theoretical model and numerical methods is verified. This study integrates theoretical models, numerical calculations, simulation modeling, and experimental measurements deeply, and can provide an inspiring teaching case for experimental teaching in physics and engineering courses in colleges and universities.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1485K]

  • CLARIFICATION AND DISCUSSION OF THE TIME TERM OF PLUS OR MINUS SIGN FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE FUNCTION IN THE TEXTBOOK OF PHYSICAL OPTICS

    YUAN Maohui;HUANG Qianyu;ZHANG Xuanhao;JIANG Man;HAN Kai;College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology;

    In textbooks on electromagnetic waves or optics, the time term of the electromagnetic field wave function is usually represented with a negative sign. However, in the “College Physics” textbook, the wavefunction of the wave for the time term is typically represented with a positive sign when deriving the wave equation from the vibration equation. During my teaching, students often raise such questions, so it is necessary to discuss the concept and physical significance of the positive and negative signs of the time term to better help students understand the physical significance. This paper starts from the definition of vibration, provides related concepts of wave motion, and discusses in detail the physical connotation of the positive and negative signs of the time term in the wave function of electromagnetic field. In addition, it further analyzes the practical considerations of expressing the time term of the wave function as a negative sign when dealing with electromagnetic wave or optical problems, clarifying and explaining the doubts about the wave function of electromagnetic waves usually being represented with a negative sign.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1299K]

  • A STUDY ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS AND PROFESSIONAL COURSES: TAKING BLACKBODY RADIATION AND ANTENNA NOISE TEMPERATURE AS AN EXAMPLE

    LI Zhiqiang;ZHANG Jieqiu;WANG Weiyu;LI Lei;YAN Mingbao;FAN Qi;Fundamentals Department, Air Force Engineering University;

    This paper investigates the connection between college physics courses and professional courses related to radio communication. First, it reviews the historical development of thermal noise research, clarifies the origin of the concept of noise temperature, and provides a general definition of noise temperature. Next, taking the antenna as an electromagnetic wave transducer, it derives the quantitative expression for the antenna thermal noise power spectral density by combining the theory of blackbody radiation with Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation. Based on revealing the physical mechanism of antenna thermal noise, the paper elaborates on the logical construction and physical connotations of the concept of antenna noise temperature. Teaching practice has shown that integrating the above ideas into teaching deepens students' understanding of the relevant physical knowledge. This study aims to deepen students' understanding of the blackbody radiation theory in college physics courses and provide a reference for the teaching of radio communication professional courses. By extending the basic physical theory to the field of radio communication, it demonstrates the bridging role of basic physics courses in the curriculum system, which is conducive to cultivating students' interdisciplinary comprehensive literacy and innovative thinking abilities.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1345K]

  • MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER AND ITS TEACHING APPLICATION IN THE MEASUREMENT OF AIR REFRACTIVE INDEX

    MAN Tianlong;ZHOU Hongqiang;WAN Yuhong;School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology;

    As a commonly used optical system, Mach-Zehnder interferometer has important applications in specific techniques such as optical interferometric measurement and imaging. In response to the requirements for cultivating new engineering talents with practical innovation capabilities, this paper designs an experiment for measuring the refractive index of air based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In addition to teaching students the basic principles and concepts of optics, the paper also introduces and discusses the data processing and analysis methods involved. This paper aims to cultivate the comprehensive abilities of undergraduate students in applied physics, optics, optoelectronic information, and related majors, from the construction of optical systems to data acquisition and analysis. By prompting students to think deeply about the core principles of optical measurement methods, the achievable measurement accuracy, and their influencing factors, the paper further fosters and expands students' innovative capabilities.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1523K]

  • SAMPLING METHODS AND PLOTTING OF MAGNETIC FIELD LINES——TAKING THE VISUALIZATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD LINES IN A CIRCULAR CURRENT AS AN EXAMPLE

    SONG Litao;HE Jie;WANG Jiefang;School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light,Zhengzhou University;School of Physics,Henan University of Technology;

    Magnetic field lines play a significant role in the analysis of many magnetic field-related problems. Previous literature on visualization methods of magnetic field lines has predominantly focused on “ensuring that the tangential direction at each point along a field line aligns with the direction of the local magnetic induction intensity vector”, while neglecting the physical requirement of “using line density to reflect magnetic field strength”. Based on Python programming language, taking the visualization method of magnetic field lines of the magnetic field of a circular current as an example, the sampling method and implementation process of making the drawn magnetic field lines meet the physical requirement of “the density of the lines reflects the strength of the magnetic field” are introduced in detail. This method features simple principles and strong general applicability.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1444K]

  • THE INNOVATION AND PRACTICE IN TEACHING THE MOMENT OF INERTIA TENSOR

    ZHENG Hua;ZHANG Wenchao;WANG Xingang;ZHU Lilin;LIU Xingquan;School of Physics & Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University;College of Physics, Sichuan University;Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University;

    Tensors are a very important concept in theoretical physics. The inertia tensor is the first concept of tensors that students encounter in undergraduate courses. This paper attempts to innovate the teaching content of the inertia tensor by reorganizing the teaching content of the inertia tensor of rigid bodies. It starts with calculating the angular momentum of a rigid body rotating about a fixed point, then introduces the matrix form, and finally introduces the concept of the inertia tensor, dyadic notation, and their calculation rules. This approach helps students understand that the introduction of tensors is natural and is just a mathematical form of problem description, but it brings convenience. Using this as a starting point, it lays a solid foundation for students' subsequent learning of theories involving tensors and also cultivates their innovative thinking.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1277K]

  • ON INGENIOUS APPLICATIONS OF THE COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION AND DISCUSSION ON THE RATIONALITY OF PROPOSITIONS

    XIAO Xinyu;LIU Xiequan;NI Xinhua;LI Mu;School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou City University of Technology;School of Electronic & Information Engineering and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou City University of Technology;School of Mechanical Engineering & Robot Engineering, Guangzhou City University of Technology;

    Using the coefficient of restitution to solve collision problems has more advantages than the conventional method of using the law of conservation of energy: the results of linear equations are unique, the calculations are more convenient, and the scope of application is broader, compensating for the limitation of the law of conservation of energy, which can only solve problems of perfectly elastic collisions. It can solve various collision problems, including direct and oblique collisions between particles and particles, particles and rigid bodies, and rigid bodies and rigid bodies. Moreover, the coefficient of restitution can also be used to quickly judge the rationality of collision problems and correct unreasonable propositions.It is hoped that the use of the coefficient of restitution will deepen students' understanding of the collision process and also serve as a reference for teachers in creating reasonable problem propositions.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1335K]

  • DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GYROSCOPE PRECESSION AND NUTATION BASED ON THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM THEOREM IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES

    SHI Yurong;WANG Guangxing;ZHONG Yiyang;GU Yongjian;College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Ocean university of China;Department of Quantum Science and Technology,The Australian National University;

    The counterintuitive phenomenon of precession and nutation of gyroscopes in the gravitational field is surprising, but qualitative explanations using Cartesian coordinate systems can only explain precession but not nutation, and cannot provide satisfactory answers for students in the general physics and mechanics stage. This paper derives the form of the angular momentum theorem in spherical coordinates and applies it to the dynamic analysis of the precession and nutation of gyroscopes. With the help of numerical simulation methods, several relationship diagrams of the gyroscope's motion quantities are given, providing students with clear dynamic images and allowing ordinary physics students to understand the complex motion of gyroscopes. This analysis method is simpler, more intuitive, and easier to understand than the Lagrangian mechanics method of theoretical mechanics.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1338K]

  • EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF ANALOGICAL TRANSFER TEACHING STRATEGY IN COLLEGE PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS

    WANG Xiaomeng;LI Jing;WANG Long;WANG Shiyan;College of Science, China University of Petroleum (Huadogn);

    In order to solve the problems of insufficient knowledge transfer ability, lack of interdisciplinary knowledge application ability, unsystematic scientific thinking, and weak innovation consciousness in college physics experiment teaching, combined with recent teaching practices and the characteristics of college physics experiment courses, this paper proposes a teaching strategy of horizontal analogy and vertical transfer deepening. Drawing on recent pedagogical practice and the unique characteristics of the physics-laboratory curriculum, the strategy consists of five components: analogies between different experiments that share identical or similar knowledge points; analogies between experiments that embody the same or comparable physical ideas; horizontal comparisons among experiments that measure the same physical quantity with different methods; vertically tiered experimental content; and vertically extended interdisciplinary experiments. Implementing this analogy-transfer approach helps students actively construct knowledge frameworks, strengthens their ability to integrate and apply what they learn, and fosters critical and innovative thinking.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1679K]

  • APPLICATION OF ETA PHYSICS TEACHING METHOD IN COLLEGE PHYSICS TEACHING: TAKING THE TEACHING OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT EINSTEIN'S PHOTON HYPOTHESIS AS AN EXAMPLE

    LIU Xiumin;ZHANG E;YANG Bentengzi;SUN Wenmei;PANG Yuhui;LI Jingxue;Department of Basic Courses, Officers' College of PAP;

    The ETA Physics Cognitive Model deeply analyzes the laws of physics cognition from a cognitive perspective. The model consists of 11 specific cognitive steps, divided into three cognitive stages: Experimental Physics(E), Theoretical Physics(T), and Applied Physics(A). The ETA Physics Teaching Method, centered on the laws of physics cognition, emphasizes systematic inquiry-based learning. It guides students to start from observing physical phenomena, gradually build theoretical frameworks, and apply them to practical problems, ultimately enhancing scientific literacy and innovative abilities. Taking the teaching of “Photoelectric Effect and Einstein's Photon Hypothesis” as an example, this paper reconstructs the teaching content and conducts teaching in accordance with the requirements of the ETA Physics Cognitive Model and the ETA Physics Teaching Method. It demonstrates a complete process of physics cognition, teaching, and learning, clarifying the relationships between experiment, theory, and application, as well as the connection between scientific exploration and technological application.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1481K]

  • EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF INTEGRATING ANCIENT CHINESE MECHANISMS INTO THE BASIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY COURSES OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

    XIAO Linzhen;DOU Yunjie;School of Art and Design, Xi'an Mingde Institute of Technology;

    The basic engineering technology courses of industrial design have the attributes of science and engineering courses. The current teaching of these courses does not match well with the characteristics and developmental needs of product design students, and there are many problems that need to be addressed through curriculum reform to enhance teaching effectiveness. This paper analyzes the current status of the teaching of basic engineering technology courses in industrial design and summarizes the existing problems. It explores the teaching value of ancient Chinese mechanisms in the context of product design students' characteristics and integrates ancient Chinese mechanisms into the teaching of these courses. Targeted reforms and practices are carried out in teaching content, methods, and cases. The results show that the teaching reform has increased students' enthusiasm for learning. The design ideas and philosophies contained in traditional Chinese mechanisms provide guidance for students' learning and design activities, helping them develop a scientific and rigorous design mindset. It also enhances students' identification with and sense of belonging to Chinese traditional culture, thereby boosting cultural confidence.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1375K]

  • CURRICULUM IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL DESIGN AND PRACTICE OF COLLEGE PHYSICS EXPERIMENT HIGHLIGHTING “MILITARY FLAVOR”: TAKING “MOMENT OF INERTIA MEASUREMENT OF RIGID BODY BY THREE-WIRE PENDULUM METHOD” AS AN EXAMPLE

    HUANG Li;YANG Jie;Officers College of PAP;

    In order to cultivate the “fight to win” outstanding military personnel, and according to the characteristics of college physics experiment course and the learning situation of military academies, this paper digs deeply into the ideological and political elements, combines with military application, and forms the ideological and political design of college physics experiment course that highlights “military flavor”. This paper illustrates the teaching practice plan through the experiment of measuring the moment of inertia of a rigid body using the three-line pendulum method. The experimental background introduces the principles of weapons to stimulate interest. The experimental principles are combined with actual training to apply what is learned. The experimental operations incorporate military personnel qualities to temper willpower. The experimental exploration focuses on mission tasks to innovate. Practice has shown that the course ideological and political teaching design combined with military applications has improved students' interest in learning and cultivated their military and political qualities, providing a reference for the teaching of physics experiments in military academies.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1768K]

  • CONSTRUCTION AND PRACTICE OF A FIVE-DIMENSIONAL TEACHING SYSTEM FOR FLUID MECHANICS COURSES

    PENG Weihong;LIU Xiaoyu;JING Yawen;WANG Haoyi;ZHANG Wei;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology;Engineering and Technology Institute,University of Groningen;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology;

    Addressing the abstract and challenging nature of dimensionless quantities such as Weber number(We) and Reynolds number(Re) in fluid mechanics, this paper uses droplet wetting coal dust as an engineering carrier to construct a five-dimensional teaching system that integrates “thought and education, virtual and real reinforcement, beauty and force, innovation and creativity, and practical exploration.” The physical significance of We-Re is analyzed, virtual-real collaborative experiments are designed, scale-law models are established, parameter correlation analysis is conducted, and scientific poetry and paintings are innovatively introduced to aid understanding, emphasizing the integration of thought and education. Teaching practice shows that this five-dimensional teaching system can promote the innovation and development of educational and teaching theories, guide students to immerse themselves in theoretical innovation, practical exploration, and poetic and pictorial sentiments, stimulate students' learning interest, enhance their learning effectiveness, and cultivate their innovative abilities.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2694K]

  • REFORM AND PRACTICE OF UNIVERSITY PHYSICS CURRICULUM INTEGRATING MILITARY CHARACTERISTICS

    ZHENG Chunhua;GAO Lingling;BO Niao;CHEN Jing;ZHAO Dan;Officers College of PAP;

    Courses are the cornerstone of talent cultivation, and their development is directly related to teaching quality, the growth of educators, and the effectiveness of teaching reforms. The physics course at the military academy closely aligns with the talent cultivation goals of the new era, is based on the unique military branch educational positioning, and is oriented towards the practical needs of combat positions. It has systematically reformed aspects such as “teaching content, demonstration experiments, assessment methods, and the second classroom” by integrating military elements. After several rounds of teaching practice, the course has been approved as an army-level high-quality course. The ability of educators to teach and research combat has significantly improved. The theoretical foundation, comprehensive quality, and innovation capabilities of students have all advanced in tandem. A closed-loop educational model of “knowledge input-capability transformation-combat effectiveness output” has gradually taken shape, effectively bridging talent cultivation with battlefield demands.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1529K]

  • RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION ON AI EMPOWERMENT IN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS TEACHING

    XU Jingping;LIANG Yubo;FAN Weijia;ZHANG Zhihua;JIA Fei;ZHANG Jianwei;School of Physical Science and Engineering, Tongji University;

    In the context of AI empowering education, the Physics Teaching and Research Office of Tongji University is also considering how to integrate AI into physics teaching. To this end, we conducted a school wide survey on the application of AI in students' physics learning in the first half of the year, and received a total of 2034 valid questionnaires. Based on the results of this survey, we have carried out targeted measures to integrate AI, such as establishing an AI Q&A intelligent agent, collaborating with the student union to strengthen the construction of Q&A video library on Bilibili, building a knowledge graph, digital lecture notes and question bank on a digital platform, and establishing a learning situation warning system based on Canvas system. Of course, the above measures are only using AI to optimize our teaching and evaluation methods, but we believe that it is more important to find physics knowledge points and application scenarios that can integrate AI. Therefore, we have given an example as inspiration.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1385K]

  • THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL-INQUIRY LEARNING IN SMART UNIVERSITY PHYSICS COURSES

    ZHANG Rui;ZHAO Hui;JIA Fei;ZHANG Jianwei;HAN Tangan;School of Physics Science and Engineering,Tongji University;School of GuoHao,Tongji University;

    The rapid advancement of large language models(LLMs) has opened new avenues for innovation in physics teaching. This study focuses on a computational-thinking-driven methodology for creating digital and intelligent inquiry-learning scenarios with LLMs, enabling the rapid development of such scenarios for university-level smart physics courses. Using the projectile motion experiment as an example, we illustrate how AI-based inquiry learning can be employed to assess students' innovative capabilities. By mining the data generated during inquiry activities, we uncover the problem-solving strategies students adopt. Coupled with explainable AI, we can then derive scientifically grounded rubrics for evaluating their inquiry processes, thereby offering a quantifiable means of measuring innovation.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1551K]

  • EFFICIENT TYPESETTING AND GENERATION OF COMPLEX STEM COURSE MATERIALS USING EMACS AND TEX LIVE

    ZHOU Jiming;School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University;

    Aiming at the low efficiency and poor consistency in the typesetting of complex mathematical formulas, algorithm codes, and experimental charts in the preparation of science and engineering courseware, this paper proposes an integrated solution based on the Emacs editor and the Te X Live typesetting engine. By constructing a content organization framework centered on Org-mode, the solution achieves structured editing of courseware elements and professional typesetting with La Te X/Beamer. The application results show that this solution increases the typesetting efficiency of courseware by more than 40% compared with traditional tools, and the editing speed of formulas and codes is improved by about 60%. The generated PDF documents are significantly optimized in terms of academic standards. Practice has proved that the in-depth collaboration between Emacs and Te X Live provides an efficient and scalable technical path for the preparation of complex science and engineering courseware. Its plain text workflow and automation capabilities have important promotional value for the construction of educational resources.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1434K]

  • REFLECTIONS AND PRACTICES ON PHYSICS EDUCATION REFORM IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

    YANG Feiyu;YANG Yahong;School of General Education, Xinjiang Vocational University of Technology;

    The rise of artificial intelligence(AI) has profoundly reshaped how people live, learn, and work, and it is transforming the paradigms of scientific research. As a new form of productive force, AI's methodological breakthroughs also create fresh opportunities for higher-education reform. This paper explores the rethink of physics teaching in the AI era, proposing concrete reform ideas that center on optimizing computational methods, integrating experimental instruction with data analytics, promoting interdisciplinary convergence, and embedding ideological and political elements into the curriculum. These measures aim to enhance students' practical and innovative capabilities and to cultivate high-caliber talent suited to the age of big data and artificial intelligence.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2242K]

  • EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR MEASURING SINGLE CRYSTAL SAMPLES BY UNIVERSAL X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER

    XU Zihui;SUN Ying;YUAN Xiuliang;AN Shihai;School of Physics, Beihang University;

    X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis is a fundamental means of characterizing the structure of materials and is indispensable in the research of disciplines such as materials science, physics, and chemistry. Compared with polycrystals, single crystals have more important research and application value in frontier fields such as semiconductors, nonlinear optics, superconductivity, and topological insulators. However, at present, most universities and research institutions are equipped with general-purpose X-ray diffractometers, and the testing steps for single crystal samples are relatively complex. This paper uses a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer to conduct X-ray diffraction experiments on Si(001) single crystals and elaborates on the experimental steps and results, providing a reference for teaching and research work involving X-ray diffraction experiments.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1380K]

  • DATA PROCESSING AND UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION IN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING

    WU Ping;ZHANG Shiping;WAN Chubin;School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing;

    Data processing and uncertainty evaluation in experiments constitute a critical component of university physics experiment education for cultivating students' scientific literacy and practical skills. This topic is also one of the most challenging aspects in university physics experimental teaching. This paper concisely introduces fundamental concepts of measurement errors, their classification, and rules for using significant figures. It further covers three common statistical distributions in error analysis and their confidence levels. The study elaborates on measurement uncertainty evaluation methods based on China's National Standard GB/T 27418—2017, including: Principles for evaluating Type A and Type B standard uncertainty components; Calculation procedures for combined standard uncertainty; Uncertainty propagation formulas for indirect measurements; and Application scenarios of the t-distribution and expanded uncertainty.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1348K]

  • DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF OPTICAL VIRTUAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS BASED ON MIXED REALITY:A CASE STUDY OF MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER

    JIA Ruizhe;YAN Haoyu;YU Xinrong;XU Zheng;WANG Zhenyu;LI Tong;LIU Wei;School of Optics and Photonics,Beijing Institute of Technology;School of Physics,Beijing Institute of Technology;

    To address the limitations of insufficient three-dimensional optical path visualization and restricted operational freedom in traditional optical virtual simulation experiments, this study proposes a mixed reality-based solution. By integrating the Unity Engine, Matlab simulation algorithms, and the Holo Lens2 mixed reality hardware platform, we have constructed a virtual-physical fusion experimental environment that achieves high-degree freedom optical simulations with real-time multimodal interaction. During system development, strict adherence to geometric optics and wave optics theories ensures authentic simulation of optical phenomena and immersive experimental processes, implemented through Unity engine's particle system and collision detection modules. Additionally, an intelligent experimental data analysis module, incorporating an error tracing functionality, has been introduced to help students identify the sources of experimental error and optimize experimental procedures. The implementation of the Michelson interferometer case demonstrates that the mixed reality-based optical virtual simulation system breaks through the one-way operation limitations of traditional simulations. By expanding operational freedom and implementing multi-sensory(visual, auditory, and tactile) interactive design, it significantly enhances students' understanding of optical phenomena and their exploratory capabilities. This approach shows considerable potential for broader application in physics education.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1820K]

  • A PYTHON SIMULATION PLATFORM FOR YOUNG'S DOUBLE-SLIT INTERFERENCE AND DOUBLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION

    HUANG Yanhua;CHEN Huanghui;WANG Jincan;CHEN Jinhe;RONG Xiaoyan;XU Jiale;YU Jiamin;Chengyi College, Jimei University;

    Based on Python libraries such as Matplotlib, Numpy, and Py Qt5, this paper designs and develops a simulation platform for the Young's double-slit interference and doubleslit diffraction experiments. The simulation platform can dynamically display the optical paths, spectra, and intensity variations corresponding to double-slit interference and diffraction in real time by adjusting experimental parameters such as wavelength, slit width, slit separation, screen distance, and medium refractive index. Additionally, the double-slit interference project discusses the color spectrum formed by trichromatic light as the light source, while the double-slit diffraction project features a discussion on the missing-order phenomenon. The platform also embeds animations of the double-slit interference optical path principle made with Geo Gebra and a 3D animation of the double-slit diffraction experiment made with Solid Works, vividly illustrating the mechanisms of double-slit interference and the experimental process of double-slit diffraction. This simulation platform helps students understand abstract optical theories and formulas, analyze the differences and connections between doubleslit interference and diffraction, and serves as an effective auxiliary tool for both theoretical and experimental teaching in wave optics.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2380K]

  • PHYSICS INNOVATION EXPERIMENT DESIGN AND PRACTICE BASED ON COMPREHENSIVE ABILITY CULTIVATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MODE

    HAN Guangbing;LIU Peiquan;YU Shuyun;LIU Jianqiang;SUN Shangqian;XU Jianqiang;School of Physics, Shandong University;Shandong Zhengyuan Construction Engineering Co., Ltd;

    Based on the requirements of the target of golden course, a comprehensive experimental project was designed for the purpose of cultivating innovative practical ability. Sm_2 Co_(17) based alloy ingots were prepared by arc melting, nanometer powders(flakes) were prepared by surfactant assisted high-energy ball milling(SABM) after mechanical crushing, and the prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, vibrating sample magnetometer and other analytical means. By designing experimental projects with “advanced” and “innovative” content, students' interest in learning is enhanced, their basic experimental skills are improved, and their innovative thinking and scientific research literacy are cultivated.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1420K]

  • DESIGN OF A COMPREHENSIVE EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE FOR YOUNG'S MODULUS

    HE Shuang;SUN Yan;GAO Yuan;YU Dan;Aviation Basic Institut, Air Force Aviation University;

    In order to cultivate students' innovative awareness and exercise their ability to apply what they have learned, a Young's modulus measuring device that can realize various optical measurement methods has been designed by combining the basic structure of the existing Young's modulus measuring instrument in physics laboratory teaching with an optical rail. Based on this device, the Young's modulus of a metal wire has been measured using both the Moiré fringe method and the single-slit diffraction method. The experimental phenomena are distinct, and the difficulty of optical path adjustment has been reduced. Analysis of the experimental results shows that compared with the traditional optical lever method, the experimental accuracy has been significantly improved. This proves that the experimental device has good comprehensiveness and expandability. More measurement methods can be developed based on this device in the future to enrich the content of learning and research.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1421K]

  • STUDY OF AN ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SYSTEM BASED ON MODULATED MAGNETIC FIELD AND LOCK-IN AMPLIFIER

    WANG Li;Physics College,Donghua University;

    Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) is a powerful technique for probing the spin states of unpaired electrons and for elucidating the structure and energy-transfer pathways of matter. By retrofitting the teaching-grade Dahua EPR spectrometer with a modulation field and a lock-in amplifier, we obtain the first-derivative absorption signal and employ the NI Lab VIEW platform to automate signal control and data acquisition. Using the standard DPPH sample, the relaxation time and Lander factor are determined. Through this experiment, students gain an intuitive appreciation of how modulation fields and lock-in amplifiers are used to handle weak signals in magnetic-resonance investigations, thereby enhancing their overall experimental proficiency.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1740K]

  • DESIGN OF DEMOSTRATION INSTRUMENT OF SOUND WAVE REFRACTION

    WANG Xicheng;FAN Jusheng;ZHANG Kexin;ZHU Xingtong;ZHANG Tujiu;DONG Yongzhao;WANG Lei;ZENG Guanghui;RUI Yunjun;Mathematical Science College, Nanjing Tech University;2011 College, Nanjing Tech University;Nanjing Foreign Language School;Ruiguang Cage (Zhenjiang) Photoelectric Technology LTD;

    The propagation of sound waves is a common issue in physics research. “Seeing is believing, but hearing is deceiving.” With the help of modern schlieren display technology, sound waves can be visualized to demonstrate the refraction of sound and verify the laws of refraction. In the experiment, a Fresnel acoustic lens is installed in front of the ultrasonic probe to transform spherical waves into plane waves. A transparent gas box is filled with carbon dioxide to create a refractive interface with the air outside the box. Standing waves are used to enhance the path of sound refraction. The refracted wavefronts after the emission of spherical waves are not “concentric circular surfaces,” which is also analyzed. To demonstrate total reflection of sound waves, a water-saltwater liquid interface is designed. All these help students understand the propagation of sound waves and Huygens' principle.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1601K]

  • EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF SOUND SOURCE LOCALIZATION BASED ON MICRO PHONE ARRAYS AND NEURAL NETWORK

    TANG Zihan;LUO Yunrong;HU Jincheng;YANG Yurui;School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University;

    This paper presents a sound source localization experimental setup that integrates microphone-array technology with neural networks and the generalized cross-correlation timedelay(GCC-TD) method. The system first preprocesses raw acoustic signals with a Kalman filter, then estimates the time-difference-of-arrival between microphones via GCC-TD, and finally employs a single-hidden-layer neural network to map these time differences onto two-dimensional coordinates, thereby pinpointing the sound source. Replacing conventional mathematical models with a neural network markedly mitigates systematic errors arising from ambient noise, sound-speed variations, and hardware latency, while simultaneously cutting computational complexity and memory requirements. Experimental results demonstrate that the apparatus offers high accuracy, low cost, and real-time display and logging of measurement data.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1753K]

  • EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF ONLINE-MERGE-OFFLINE TEACHING IN COLLEGE PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS OF EMERGING ENGINEERING EDUCATION

    HOU Yanglong;SHEN Han;CHEN Wenduo;QIAN Guoyu;CUI Qing;ZHAO Fuli;School of Materials,Sun Yat-sen University;School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education (Sun Yat-sen University);

    Against the backdrop of digital education, the “Emerging Engineering” initiative calls on university physics-lab courses to shift their objectives from traditional knowledge transmission to the cultivation of scientific literacy, hands-on innovation, and engineering thinking. Yet current instruction is typically delivered in the first year with a strong generaleducation focus, lacking the distinctive features demanded by “Emerging Engineering.” Students therefore arrive with insufficient theoretical preparation, low learning efficiency, and weak self-directed learning skills, making it hard to meet the talent-development goals of the initiative. To address this, we have designed and implemented a blended online-offline instructional model for the “Emerging Engineering” university physics laboratory. Leveraging an online platform, the model provides teacher-recorded lectures, experimental-operation videos, interactive virtual simulations, and targeted pre-lab quizzes that guide students to build the necessary knowledge before class. During the face-to-face sessions, emphasis is placed on standard operating procedures, observation of phenomena, data collection, and analytical inquiry, markedly improving practical skills and experimental efficiency. By combining common core experiments with distinctive, discipline-crossing ones, the model broadens students' horizons and strengthens their interdisciplinary competence. Practical results show that the model is highly effective: students' pre-lab preparation, experimental efficiency, and data-analysis abilities all improve significantly. The design and implementation process offer a replicable pathway for deepening the reform of university physics-lab teaching under the “Emerging Engineering” paradigm.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1702K]

  • SOUND SOURCE LOCATION DEVICE BASED ON BINAURAL INTENSITY DIFFERENCE

    CUI Haoye;HUANG Hehong;JI Zilei;FENG Sai;LIN Yiwen;BO Chunwei;School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology;College of Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology;

    In recent years, sound source location devices have been widely used in civil, industrial, and military applications. Currently, sound source positioning devices are realized mainly by program algorithm, which has complex technology and high cost. This paper uses traditional physical methods to design a sound source positioning device based on binaural intensity difference and triangulation, mainly composed of sound sensors, a spectrometer, and an oscilloscope. Through theoretical calculation and experimental measurement analysis, the relative error of the device is less than 6%, and the device has good accuracy. The device has good expansibility, can be equipped with a motor drive system, and has the advantages of low cost and robust reproducibility.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1471K]

  • SETTING UP COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES TO ADDRESS DIFFICULTIES IN THE TRANSITION FROM HIGH SCHOOL TO UNIVERSITY COURSES: INSIGHTS FROM TWO “SOLUTIONS” TO A SAMPLE PROBLEM ON WAVE FUNCTION EVOLUTION IN TIME-DEPENDENT HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS

    WANG Shuchao;ZHANG An;ZHANG Shaohe;SHI Xiaolan;Beijing National Day School;

    The transition courses between high school and university not only bridge the gap between high school and university physics content, but also need to have a certain depth in some aspects. Some knowledge points are already difficult for college students, and for middle school students with weaker mathematical and physical foundations and less knowledge reserve, the difficulty is even greater. At this time, teachers need to design examples skillfully and help students overcome difficulties through appropriate guidance, explanation, comparison, and induction. This paper takes the evolution of wave functions in time-dependent Hamiltonian systems as an example. By skillfully designing examples and comparing incorrect and correct solutions, students can deeply understand the necessity of introducing the time-ordering operator and naturally introduce the time-ordering operator. Finally, a summary of the time-evolution operator is provided.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1316K]

  • PRACTICE OF HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS CURRICULUM GROUP GUIDED BY IYPT: RESEARCH ON THE THROUGH-TYPE CULTIVATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH LITERACY BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND HIGH SCHOOLS

    BAO Chengzhang;TU Xubin;ZHENG Qi;Xiaoshan Middle School in Zhejiang Province;Hangzhou Basic Education Research Office;

    The education in the new era calls for the cultivation of innovative talents. The integration of physics education between high school and university, as an important link to deepen the cultivation of innovative physics talents, should not only focus on the deepening of knowledge but also on the improvement of comprehensive quality. Based on the characteristics of the International Young Physicists' Tournament, a research-oriented competition, and taking “cognition-inquiry-practice-innovation” as the main thread, an integrated multidisciplinary curriculum is developed to create a series of physics courses that combine theory and practice for the high school-university connection. This aims to achieve better integration in terms of quality and cultivate innovative talents.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1505K]

  • THE EFFECT OF WALL REBOUNDS ON THE EXIT DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN GALTON BOARD MODELS

    XU Bao;WU Hongye;YU Yue;Department of Physics Science and Technology, Baotou Teachers College;

    In an ideal Galton board model, the exit distribution function represents the solution to a one-dimensional diffusion equation, providing a means to verify the correctness of the derived distribution. However, when wall rebounds are incorporated, the exit distribution function obtained through the maximum entropy principle fails to satisfy this diffusion equation. To rigorously incorporate wall rebound effects, we employ a periodic folding scheme that yields an exit distribution function satisfying the one-dimensional diffusion equation. We demonstrate that the maximum entropy-based exit distribution function serves as a unimodal approximation of the periodic folding scheme. Numerical experiments using Monte Carlo method reveal that for exit distribution functions incorporating wall rebounds, a three-peak approximation derived from the periodic folding scheme exhibits superior expressive capability compared to the unimodal approximation. Furthermore, as the number of peg layers increases, the exit distribution function undergoes a gradual transition from a normal distribution toward a uniform distribution. Using the unimodal distribution as a representative case, we present a methodology for identifying this transition point.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1388K]

  • SEVERAL KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM FORMULAS OF COMPONENT MOTIONS OF PARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN A COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION QUESTION

    SHAO Yun;School of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang College;

    This paper first proves several fractional forms of the kinetic energy theorem for particles in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems, termed the kinetic energy theorem equations for translational and rotational motions, along with orthogonal superposition rules for work. Then, applying the knowledge of conservation of axial momentum moment, a conventional solution for the 11 th question of the 2024 Jiangsu Provincial Physics College Entrance Examination is given, and a trend chart of the angle θ changing with the length l of the diagonal rope both in the question's diagram is made. Finally, by applying the so-called formula for the kinetic energy theorem of component motion that has been proven in the cylindrical coordinate system, it is gradually inferred approximately within the scope of middle school physics knowledge that options(B),(A), and(D) of the question are all incorrect. The content of the paper can provide useful supplements for mechanics related content in universities, as well as reference for physics teaching in universities and middle schools.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1335K]

  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA USING NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY

    SONG Guofeng;XIE Ning;CAI Jun;WANG Zhongping;ZHANG Zengming;School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China;

    This paper proposes an experimental teaching scheme of gamma energy spectrum based on natural radionuclides to replace traditional artificial radioactive sources(such as ~(137)Cs, ~(60)Co). The experiment utilized ~(176)Lu in lutetium oxide and ~(40)K in potassium chloride as natural gamma-ray sources. Analysis indicated that the radioactive activity of the materials used in the experiment was far below the upper limit for exempted radioactive source activities stipulated by national standards, and there was no radiation safety risk. Energy spectra were collected using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The energy spectrum characteristics of ~(176)Lu(88 keV, 202 keV, 307 keV) and ~(40)K(1461 keV) were analyzed, and multi-peak energy calibration was completed(linear correlation coefficient>0.999). The experiment further measured and analyzed the environmental radioactive background energy spectrum and the absorption characteristics of copper sheets for gamma rays. The linear attenuation coefficient was measured accurately(relative standard uncertainty<5%). The research results show that natural radioactive materials can effectively support the teaching of gamma energy spectrum experiments, expand the content of traditional gamma energy spectrum experiments, lower the threshold for setting up experiments for colleges and institutions without radioactive source qualifications, and provide safe and economical experimental solutions.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1723K]

  • NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PHASE TANSITIONS IN ISING MODEL AND BINARY SOLUTION MODEL

    LI Mengyuan;LI Yanwei;School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology;

    The introduction and study of physics often begin with the observation of changes between the three states of matter, which encompass phase transitions, a common phenomenon in nature. Phase transitions also serve as a key topic in thermodynamics-related courses. To provide a concrete representation of phase transitions and support the comparison of theoretical results, this paper designs and conducts Monte Carlo simulations of the phase transition processes in both the Ising model and a binary water-oil solution model. The system's evolution during the phase transition is visualized, while the temperature dependence of relevant physical quantities such as energy, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility is tracked. The phase transition points of the system are determined, and phase diagrams are constructed. Additionally, the effects of system size on the phase transition process and the corresponding physical quantities are discussed. This paper offers a numerical experimental method that allows undergraduate and graduate students to intuitively understand phase transitions, aiming to stimulate their enthusiasm for learning, understanding, and further exploring the physics of phase transitions.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1486K]

  • THE FABRICATION OF FUNNEL TYPE MICROCHANNEL PLATE WITH DRY ETCHING PROCESS

    ZHANG Zhongshan;LI Yao;YANG Haifang;ZHAO Xuan;CAI Hua;Micro/nano fabrication laboratory, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Laboratory of Micro Fabrication, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Key Laboratory of China Building Materials Industry for Special Photoelectric Materials,China Building Materials Academy;Institute of Special Glass Fiber and Optoel

    The microchannel plate(MCP) is a two-dimensional continuous electron multiplier vacuum device that exhibits certain quantum detection efficiency for most charged particles, some high-energy particles, and short-wavelength light. As a result, it is widely used in fields such as low-light-level night-vision, aerospace detection, nuclear detection, and large-scale scientific instruments. Microchannel plate is the key core component of domestic high-end scientific instruments, as well as the key basic materials of national major projects, strategic emerging industries and national defense construction, and its material and manufacturing optimization and high performance are international research and development hotspots. The gain is an important performance characteristic for microchannel plates. The increasing in gain can improves the signal-to-noise ratio or detection efficiency. Traditional microchannel plates exhibit a gain of 2000～4000 at a test voltage of 800V, whereas the ion-beam-etched funnel microchannel plate presented in this study achieves a gain of 6020 under the same conditions. So, the research in this paper provide new opportunities to improve the quality of China's high-end instruments and get rid of the status stuck neck of key components being subject to people for a long time.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1498K]

  • DEVELOPMENT OF AN INVESTIGATIVE EXPERIMENT ON DECORATED AIR-PROOF WINDOWS

    LIU Ting;HUANG Yingzhou;PU Xianjie;CHEN Guo;XU Weijing;PAN Liang;College of Physics, Chongqing University;National Demonstration Center For Experimental Physics Education, Chongqing University;

    Acoustic metasurfaces represent a cutting-edge research area in functional acoustic materials. This paper introduces the acoustic metasurface—Decorated Air-proof Window(DAW)—based on practical needs, and designs the research and development of DAW as an investigative experiment. The experiment employs theoretical derivation and finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics for theoretical analysis and design of the DAW and its metal retention device. It encompasses a wide range of experimental components, including COMSOL modeling and analysis, design of the retention device, and measurement of the DAW's transmission performance. Introducing the investigative experiment on DAW into university physics lab teaching enhances the advanced nature, innovation, and challenge level of the experiment. This approach is conducive to nurturing top innovative talents in new materials and lays a solid foundation for improving students' innovative abilities.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1363K]

  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BROADBAND NOISE SUPPRESSION CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE OSCILLATOR ARRAY PHONONIC CRYSTALS

    ZHU Hongwei;LIN Hengze;CAO Haijiang;ZHANG Xinchao;SHI Qingfan;School of Physics Science and Technology,Baotou Teachers' College;School of Science,Institute of Disaster Prevention;

    In this work, an experimental platform for periodic phononic crystals is utilized to systematically investigate the effects of different parameters on the bandgap characteristics of phononic crystals. This is achieved by testing three types of oscillators: wooden pillars, wooden column-expanded polyethylene(EPE) composites, and EPE hollow cylinders, in combination with two types of periodic arrangements: square and triangular lattices. The experimental results show that the square lattice arrangement of the wooden pillar array significantly broadens the bandgap compared to the triangular lattice arrangement(BG1 bandwidth of 1.2k Hz～0.7k Hz; BG2 bandwidth of 1.6k Hz～0.9k Hz). The wooden pillar-EPE composite oscillator extends the high-frequency bandgap to 8k Hz(BG2 bandwidth of 4.7k Hz) by coupling Bragg scattering and local resonance, while simultaneously improving low-frequency sound absorption efficiency by 20%. This experiment demonstrates broadband noise suppression from 1.3k Hz to 8.0k Hz in centimeter-scale periodic structures, providing crucial parameter references for the design of phononic crystal noise reduction in transportation and industrial scenarios, such as 1k Hz～2k Hz mechanical noise and 2k Hz～6k Hz transformer noise. In addition, the experimental design of this paper can also be incorporated into university physics laboratory teaching as a research-based experiment, helping students to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of band gaps and the importance of physics in engineering applications.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1409K]

  • A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING OPTICAL FIBER SECONDARY CIRCUITS IN INTELLIGENT SUBSTATION BASED ON CLOUD COMPUTING

    CAO Haiou;GE Yaming;State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company, LTD.;

    Optical fiber networks are relatively complex, with issues such as time-consuming secondary loop identification and high CPU usage rates. A cloud computing based intelligent substation optical fiber secondary circuit identification method is proposed. A connectivity constraint function for generating topological structure rules is established to construct the substation optical fiber topology. Based on the topology structure, a directed graph of the substation optical fiber is drawn, and cloud computing technology is applied to perform distributed partitioning of the optical fiber topology. Following the concept of distributed storage, corresponding information for secondary loops in each area is obtained to generate labels for optical fibers in intelligent substations. A large-scale graph depth-first traversal algorithm is used to optimize the traversal process in the identification method, completing the identification process of the optical fiber secondary loops. An experimental phase is constructed, and the results show that this method has a high identification accuracy and can further reduce the time and CPU usage for secondary loop identification. It provides a new direction for the management of optical fiber networks in intelligent substations.

    2025 06 v.35;No.230 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1457K]